Tag: procedures

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Reasons To Check In With Faculty Early In The Morning!

check in

Radiology residency programs differ widely in the independence that they allow their residents. Some let their residents do most procedures almost entirely by themselves. And others are more stingy with giving permission. Regardless of your situation, however, it is critical to check in with your scheduled cases before the day begins with your attending as a young learning physician. These include rotations, especially fluoroscopy and interventional radiology. And it’s not just to say hi! It is excellent for education and patient care. Let me give you multiple reasons why.

Getting A Good History- Filling In The Gaps

Sometimes residents either do not know the right questions to ask. Or other times, radiologists may have discussed the case with the ordering physician already. Each of these different circumstances provides information that the resident does not already have. These critical facts can change the direction of the case. For instance, if you already know that a patient is here for dysphagia, you would perform an esophagram that would critically analyze the upper esophagus instead of mainly the stomach or duodenum. Why not check in with your attending to confirm what is going on?

Increase Learning

By going over the schedule with your faculty in the morning, attendings will most likely discuss the disease entity that you will need to know. All this discussion is the best way to reinforce what you have already learned. Even better, it is a great way to introduce you to new topics and issues you may face when performing the case. And, it’s an easier way to learn what you may need to know for the boards.

Check-In For The Collaboration

Working with your attendings allows you to get to know them better. A team-based approach is usually better than going at it alone. Teamwork usually leads to a better relationship over the year. Who knows? Maybe, you will eventually ask this faculty member for a recommendation!

Attending May Not Realize Case Is On The Worklist

Sometimes cases can get lost, even on PACS systems nowadays. Accession numbers and MRI numbers can be incorrect. Or, the tech can batch a case on the wrong worklist accidentally. By going over the morning case, your attending now knows what she can expect on the wordlist during the day. And, if it is not there (for whatever reason), either you or your faculty can look into it. It is one surefire way to make sure that the case does not slip through the cracks!

Performing Studies The Way The Faculty Likes It

Every faculty member likes cases done in different ways. Some may want a few extra views of the stomach on an upper GI series. Others expect a thorough workup of the esophagus. Regardless, you will now precisely know precisely what you should do before even starting the case. All this diligence prevents the attending from bringing the case back and ensuring that you perform it appropriately. In the end, it is your attending’s name on the report and takes full responsibility for everything you do!

Check-In With Your Faculty First Thing In The Morning

It is more than just lip service to check in with your attending in the morning. Checking in serves many practical purposes, including getting better and more valid information, learning about diseases, preventing cases from falling through the cracks, and ensuring you complete the procedure correctly. So, pick up the phone or stop by your attending’s office. And let your faculty know what is on the schedule before starting. It is an excellent way to augment learning and improve patient care!

 

 

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No Procedures Please! I’m Sick Of Interruptions In My Workflow

no procedures

Question:

I’m happiest when I’m just plowing through cases at the workstation, as I find procedures are a considerable nuisance. Unfortunately, there seem to be in every subspecialty, but which ones give me the best opportunity to find a job with few/no procedures required?
Regards,
The Anti-Procedure Student

Answer:

Specialties Without Procedures

Fortunately for you, lots of areas within radiology require minimal to no procedures. Here is my list of the career paths I would be thinking about: Non-interventional neuroradiology, MSK outpatient radiology, heavily weighted academics, teleradiology, emergency radiology (depends on the hospital and their requirements), and informatics. Also, body imaging with an outpatient bent could be non-procedural weighted as well. (assuming that there is no fluoroscopy on site).

Non-Procedure Weighted Specialties

Moreover, let me give a pitch for thoracic and cardiovascular imaging. Many of those rads do not perform manual work. However, at some academic institutions, the thoracic imagers will perform the biopsies. And, at other places, you may get interrupted to supervise Cardiac MRIs and CTAs. That all depends on the workflow.
Nuclear medicine (my specialty) does involve iodine treatments and radiotherapies for other cancers. So, you will need to sit with patients and play doctor. And, you may need to perform lymphoscintigraphies. (Our residents do most of them!)  Also, at some institutions (not mine), you will need to stand and monitor the cardiac perfusion scans. However, you will find that we do not perform that many long involved procedures. Manual work is not our thing!

Procedure Heavy Specialties

Hopefully, you have figured out that breast imaging and interventional radiology does not work well for someone not interested in procedures with all the biopsies and/or vascular work. Also, women’s imaging, in general, is not a place for you with hysterosonograms and HSGs. And, finally, pediatric radiology is also chock full of procedures as well. You have intussusception reductions, VCUG, barium enemas, hands-on ultrasounds, and more. I would avoid that specialty!

My Final Summary

Now that I think about it a little bit more, about half of radiology does not emphasize procedures. You can easily find a path that will take you in that direction when you decide to pursue your career!
Good luck following your “procedureless” path!
Barry Julius, MD
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What Do Interventional Physician Assistants Do?

Interventional physician assistants

Question About Interventional Physician Assistants:

Hello!
I am a physician assistant student at a large American University. Presently, I’m in the middle of my clinical year, and I’ve just completed my 4th rotation. I have spent the last four months in and out of hospitals. Recently, I have been exposed to interventional radiology. Moreover,  I was very impressed with the role that physician assistants play in this field of medicine.

Until recently, I had never even considered interventional radiology. However, I want to work in a field that is procedure driven. To that end, I am good with my hands and spent 13 years as a firefighter/paramedic which is very procedure driven. So naturally, I found myself very intrigued about interventional radiology as a possible career for a PA. Is there any way you could put me in contact with someone to answer some questions about a PA’s role within IR?  Thank you for this website. It has been incredibly helpful, and I hope to hear from you soon!

Regards,

Future Possible Interventional Assistant

Radsresident Answer For A Future Interventional Physician Assistant:

I agree that the best resource would be to talk to a PA that does interventional radiology. We do not have an interventional PA in our program to which to refer you. However, I have worked with a few interventional physician assistants during my residency and at a previous job a while back and I could shed some insight into what they do.

Both of the PAs that I had worked with functioned as an assistant in complex cases. Also, they were the primary operators in procedures such as PICC lines and ports. Moreover, they would see patients in “tube rounds.” If you haven’t heard of this term, it means they would talk to the patient and provide updates on the status of their catheters and interventions after the procedure. And, they would write the formal notes in the chart to document the condition of the patients. Also, they involved themselves in morning rounds before seeing the patients for the day. And finally, they performed the consents for procedures to reduce the workload for both attendings and residents during the day. Both PAs that I worked with served an invaluable role in the practices and became a critical part of the team.

Hope that gives you a little bit better insight into what they do,
Barry Julius, MD

 

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Radiology Golden Niches: Do What Others Don’t Want To!

golden niches

What do the following jobs have in common? Garbage Workers, Oil Cleanup Crews, Sewage Treatment Workers, and Doggy Pickup Services. No, it’s not just that they all clean the environment and serve essential functions in our society. These are jobs that very few people want to perform. And therefore, those that do can charge high rates to complete the services. And, you know what? It is harder to find employees for these professions. I call these sorts of jobs: golden niches.

How is this relevant to radiology? It’s simple. Find an area (or even better, more than one!) that no one else in practice wants to do, and make it your life’s work. Then, you have a job for life (assuming that the business is not bought out or downsized!)

So, this brings me to the topic for today, the golden niches. What radiology specialties are ripe for a new radiologist to practice that can lead to this extraordinary situation and why? Well, we will go through several radiology procedures and modalities that can potentially qualify for one of the golden niches. However, not all practices are the same. And therefore, I must put in this qualifier, golden niches in one hospital or imaging center may not be so in another. You may find that you may have many MRI MSK readers in your practice, and in another, you may have a few. Or, some centers have little need for some of these golden niches. I will point you toward some modalities and procedures that you should think about reading and performing when you interview for your next job!

MRI Cardiac/Cardiac CTA

In our practice, we have limited numbers of radiologists that read these modalities. It is also costly and time-consuming to learn if you did not complete a fellowship. So, if you come aboard and have lots of cardiac work, you can be the hero!

Cardiac Nuclear Medicine

During residency, many residents do not get a chance to dictate these cases since the cardiologists perform them. And, at some centers, they require their radiologists to be nuclear trained. Therefore, fewer radiologists tend to read these studies, allowing you to take over!

MSK Musculoskeletal MRI and Ultrasound

Still, many radiology residencies throughout the country provide limited MSK MRI experience and even fewer MSK ultrasound. So, you may be one of a few in the practice that feels comfortable with these modalities!

Facet Injection For Pain Management

In some centers, practices farm out these cases to the anesthesiologists or the pain medicine physicians. However, in some hospitals, radiologists do the work. And you know what? Only a few MSK radiologists feel comfortable with this procedure.

Informatics

How many of you know the latest about pdfs, HLA, and more? I thought so. And, some practices need these radiologists to run the show!

Virtual Colonoscopies

Most residents are not trained well in this modality during residency. And, even fewer take courses when they finish up. So, you want to run a virtual colonoscopy program in an institution that has the demand. Here’s your niche!

Nuclear Medicine Therapies

Drug companies have developed loads of new nuclear medicine therapies like Xofigo. Moreover, many radiologists do not feel comfortable treating even the old standby of I-131. So, here is an opportunity for you to take charge!

MR Spectroscopy/Perfusion Studies/Neck CTAs

MR spectroscopy/perfusion/neck CTA studies tend to be more esoteric modalities reserved for the neuroradiologists. So, if you have trained as a neuroradiologist, make sure not to skip out on instruction in these areas. You can become instrumental!

Complicated Neck/Temporal Bone Work

Have you ever noticed the remaining cases at most imaging centers and hospitals? It tends not to be the head and body CTs. Instead, no one wants to pick up the CT soft tissue neck and temporal bone studies. So, don’t forget to learn about these topics during residency and fellowship!

Neurointerventional

To feel comfortable performing neurointerventional procedures, you generally need one year of diagnostic neuroradiology and two years of interventional radiology training. That limits the playing field for this work. Need I say more?

Breast MRI

Almost universally, non-breast imagers want nothing to do with these procedures. You have liability issues and inexperience that prevent many from wanting to read these cases. Time to step in!

The Golden Niches

Well, there you have it. Here were some undesirable (and therefore most desirable!) jobs you should consider performing when you start. And, I’m sure there are a few more that I forgot. In any case, it’s not about love. Instead, it’s about job security, my friends. So, go forward and find your golden niches. You won’t regret it!

 

 

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How-To Procedure Manual For The Klutzy Radiologist

procedure manual

Some of us are not born to be athletic and coordinated like Michael Jordan or Pele. It’s just not in the cards. As a part of this group, I can remember many simple radiology procedural activities challenging me that would make the average resident wonder! Simple things like putting on sterile gloves and coiling interventional wires seemed like rocket science. However, hope springs eternal. And, believe it or not, many strategies exist to allow the klutzy radiology resident to become an expert at performing a procedure. We will discuss these today in this mini procedure manual.

Read Everything You Can About The Procedure

Procedural work is not just about performing manual tasks. It involves significant preparation and planning, both from a hands-on and an intellectual standpoint. Therefore, your role is to know all you can before performing the procedure. Some of the questions you need to be able to answer before any procedure include: What is the reason for the technique? Is it appropriate for the patient? What are all the tools and equipment needed to complete it? How can you avoid complications? And, if a difficulty arises during the test, do you know what you have to do next? And, of course, what are the appropriate ways to manage the patient after you have completed the procedure?

In addition, nowadays, most procedures have an associated “how-to” article or procedure manual in the literature that can help you understand step-by-step how to perform a technique. Not only do you want to read each of these articles, but you also want to live and breathe all the information in it. What do I mean by that? If you can, mentally picture yourself performing the procedure steps before stepping into the interventional suite.

Gather All The Relevant Patient Information

Patient research beforehand can be just as important as the procedure itself. You need to be able to complete the appropriate test for your patient. If not, you can cause additional radiation exposure and potentially irreparable harm.

Therefore, gathering relevant patient information is essential before performing any procedure. What do I mean by that? Here are some of the pertinent questions you want to answer. Does the reason for the technique match the history of the patient? Is the patient able to consent? Are all the appropriate blood tests completed before starting it? Do you know of anything about the patient’s history that would increase the likelihood of complications? And so forth. Ensure that if your attending asks you something about the patient before its performance, you know the answer. It will come back to bite you if you don’t.

Practice Outside The Interventional Suite

As Malcolm Gladwell states in his book Outliers, you need to do something 10,000 hours to become an expert. Therefore, your work mustn’t end after the initial steps. If you have problems coiling a wire, practice the maneuver at off-times at work or home. When you have difficulty putting on sterile gloves the right way, take a pair and practice. If you have problems with suturing, learn needlework. Especially if you are not a member of the athletic/coordinated club, you will need to practice, practice, practice until you get it right!

Volunteer Ad Nauseum

Lastly, you need to develop the qualities of grit and perseverance. When a procedure is available, take the opportunity to participate. Don’t be a wallflower. One of my program directors during my residency repeatedly stated, “Radiology is not a spectator sport!” He was right. Procedural comfort is directly related to the number of times you have completed a procedure. So, go forth and participate as much as possible!

Read This Procedure Manual Again If You Have Doubts!

Everyone has some deficiencies, and we are not born perfect. We need to proceed with hard work and determination to overcome these weaknesses. Procedural skills for the klutzy resident are no different. So go forth and read avidly about procedures, gather the appropriate patient information, practice outside the interventional suite, and volunteer repeatedly. No matter if you are a bit klutzy. You, too, will have the power to master any procedure if you follow these basic guidelines!

 

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How Far Should I Take That Procedure?

procedure

The Procedure Situation

Round 1

Your radiology attending tells you to interview a patient and then complete an ultrasound-guided breast biopsy, knowing that it was a large mass and a relatively simple case. You have done this procedure numerous times with this same faculty. So, you go ahead and do it again. No complications. No issues. After you complete the biopsy, you feel immense pride in your capabilities. You show the attending the pictures from the biopsy. The attending congratulates you on a job well done.

Round 2 later that same day…

A different radiology attending wants you to work up another patient and start the subsequent breast biopsy. So, you begin to interview the patient, set up the table and the sterile field, position the patient for the procedure, and place the ultrasound probe on the biopsy site. You begin to numb the overlying skin lidocaine and make a small incision for the biopsy gun. Since the attending still has not shown up, you decide to place the needle right near the lesion, hit the targeted breast nodule, and then subsequently collect multiple samples, placing each one into a little sterile cup on the side to send to pathology. You complete the rest of the procedure without complication. All seems to be well.

You clean up everything and let the patient know that everything went just fine. And, you tell her you are going to consult with the attending before you have her leave. So, you merrily step out of the room and walk down the hallway toward the radiologist’s office to let her know about the patient’s biopsy you completed. You enter the office and state, “I completed the biopsy successfully on patient “XYZ.” The attending stares at you with a stern, angry face and says, “How dare you complete the procedure without consulting with me!!!” You are the talk of the department for the next month!

How To Assess How Much You Can Do

Unfortunately, during radiology residency, you may encounter similar situations such as this one. Different attendings have entirely varying expectations for each radiology resident. Some may expect you to start and finish all procedures. Others may be less likely to allow the resident to have independence, even though he/she may be competent. So what to do? I will go through several guidelines in assessing whether you, as a radiology resident, should complete a given procedure on your own.

Are You Competent In The Procedure? 

Competency should be the first issue that you need to address as a radiology resident. Suppose you do not think you have done enough of a technique independently from start to finish. In that case, you certainly have no business doing any procedure or a portion of a procedure alone. The comfort level is also just as important. Even if you have the numbers of biopsies to back you up, if you do not feel comfortable with a procedure, you should also continue to make sure that you have your attending’s guidance at all times until you have that comfort level that you need.

Are We Doing the Procedure For The Right Reasons?

Before performing any procedure, you need to make sure that it has some clinical benefit. Nurses regularly come up to me and ask should we give intravenous contrast. The first thing I ask them is why are we doing the study/CT scan? It may not need contrast in the first place. Likewise, no matter how “minor” a procedure is, you always need to think about it if necessary first!!!

Level of Difficulty of Procedure/ Potential For Complications

Some procedures, such as an upper GI series, have a much lower complication rate than a complex liver embolization. So, it is essential to assess any given procedure’s difficulty and potential complications before deciding whether you should tackle it on your own. Most liver embolizations, stent placements, and angioplasties should probably be under the faculty’s direct supervision unless perhaps you are about to graduate from an IR fellowship in a few days. On the other hand, a paracentesis can undoubtedly be performed from start to finish by a resident.

Attending Expectations

Some attendings expect the resident to do almost everything and others feel the need to hold the resident’s hand at every step. Much of that decision may be related to the trust between the attending and resident. However, it is imperative to listen to the guidance of your attending before beginning or ending any procedure. Because you are not the physician who signs off on everything, you need to abide by the person’s rules in charge. Always make sure to get the OK from the supervising physician before performing any procedure!

Patient Expectations

Many patients expect an attending to complete a procedure. Always abide by the wishes of the patient. You never want to be caught in a situation where the patient does not want you to be performing a procedure, and you do so anyway. Not listening to the patient’s request is the realm of lawsuits and legal issues!!!

It’s All About Self-Awareness!

The difficulty of residency can be more about self-assessment/awareness and working with colleagues than about the actual day-to-day mechanics of performing cases. You, as a resident, need always to be aware of your strengths and weaknesses as well as your expectations. My advice: make sure to always know in advance that you are performing a procedure for the right reasons, have the abilities to conduct it, and your attending expects you to complete it. Only then should you consider performing a procedure independently!