Tag: communication

Posted on by

Making A Radiology Schedule Can Be Tough!

radiology schedule

In any stage of radiology, we all want the best schedule possible. Most of us hope for rotations where you can enjoy what you are doing, perhaps within your specialty. We desire vacation time that is fair and equal to others in a similar specialty/situation. And, you want a call that is equitable and reasonable compared to everyone else. Not all rotations fit that bill, though. Nor is it possible to accommodate everyone all the time. If you tweak one person’s schedule, you can make someone else life miserable. The balance is delicate. It’s kind of like when you give medication, and it comes with untoward side effects! So, if you are helping out with the schedule at your institution, how can you make the radiology schedule as palatable as possible for everyone? Here are some of the guidelines that work at our site.

Get The Appropriate Tools For The Radiology Schedule

Our main job is practicing as a radiologist, not as a scheduler. So, make sure that you get all the necessary tools to make your job as easy as possible. Whether it is radiology scheduling software, a business manager, or a secretary for the practice, you should have some assistance to help you along the way. Don’t try to make the schedule without these tools. It is below your pay grade!

Be Redundant

We all are human, and calamities befall all of us at one time or another. Whether it is sickness or taking care of loved ones, we have to expect that not all of us will be available on any given day. So, every practice needs a little bit of redundancy in the schedule. That way, your practice will have adequate coverage when these events happen. It is not feasible to allow just a skeleton crew to steer the ship. It can become a potential recipe for disaster if some calls out sick!

Communicate All Schedule Changes Well

In practice, this statement sounds entirely logical. But, often, lack of communication can represent the downfall of a radiology department. If you decide to change a location or rotation, you need an excellent system to communicate the change. And, preferably, you should make the change well in advance of the new schedule. Radiologists have plans too!

Make Sure There Is A Balance

If you want to stoke the anger of your colleagues, the best way to do that is to make sure that one radiologist gets the most cush rotation at the expense of everyone else. Therefore, it is critical to monitor the different calls and rotations and ensure that the numbers are as equitable as possible for each practice member. This step can be time-consuming. But, recording where each radiologist is working and how many calls they work should become a critical mission to improve the schedule.

Be Nice But Firm

You can’t always get what you want. (Just like the Rolling Stones song!) Sometimes, we need to cover rotations and calls that no one wants. And, everyone at some point will have to take one of these shifts regardless of how they feel about it. So, if you are in charge of the schedule, there are times you have to hold your ground for fairness’ sake, of course, in a friendly way. Scheduling can be a tough job!

Take Suggestions For The Radiology Schedule

Making a schedule for a practice can be complicated. And, you might not have the experience to know what makes sense in all of the subspecialty departments. Therefore, a scheduler must be willing to listen to the suggestions of those folks that may know the rotations and schedule in their area the best. Without the input of others, it is unlikely that you will be able to create a reasonable plan for everyone!

Making A Fair Radiology Schedule

Scheduling is a critical part of any radiology practice. And it is not easy. Moreover, it may be impossible to satisfy everyone. But, if you have the tools you need and take into account the input of others while listening to some of my suggestions, you can make a schedule that will maximize equitability for everyone. It is possible to make a reasonable schedule for your residency or practice!

 

 

Posted on by

Canceling A Procedure? Call The Clinician!

Not all ordered procedures make sense. Perhaps, the clinician decided on you performing a biopsy based on an incorrect typographical error in a report from the radiology department. Or, even though the clinician thinks that a carotid stent would be helpful, you conclude that the risks of a procedure outweigh the benefits. In the end, these decisions to perform or cancel a study are ours to make, not the referrers. And, sometimes, canceling a procedure for a good medical reason is the best we can do for the patient, end of story. You can feel good about yourself, doing right for the patient. Plus, you have one less procedure for the day!

But wait. Is that all? Well, you have not completed your work yet. What is the one way that you can get yourself into loads of trouble even though you canceled a procedure for a good reason? Hint! You can look at the title above, or instead, check out what I am about to tell you in capital letters: CALL THE CLINICIAN! And, let me tell you why.

It May Delay Clinical Treatment

Even though you serviced the patient well by canceling a procedure, it may not have benefited the patient as you thought if you do not notify the ordering physician.  Let me give you an example. You were planning on performing an angiogram to determine the location of a GI bleed. And now, you have canceled the examination because the GI bleeding stopped. And let’s assume you did not contact the ordering physician. Well, perhaps, the treating physician had delayed treatment for hyperthyroidism based on the assumption of your administration of intravenous contrast material. Look what you did! Now, the patient had her treatment hindered for many weeks by your lack of communication.

Potential Increasing Risks To The Patient

Sometimes patients temporarily stop necessary medications before a procedure. For instance, many patients take Coumadin as preventive medicine for stroke if they have a prosthetic valve because they are at increased risk for blood clots. Therefore, typically, you need to withdraw the patient from anti-coagulants to prevent bleeding during or after a procedure.

And, when you cancel a procedure, many times, the patient will not return to their regular scheduled regimen until the doctor reorders it. Moreover, the patient’s risk for stroke can increase each day he does not receive the medication. Therefore, it behooves you to let the ordering physician know. Why would you want to enhance a patient’s risk for further morbidity?

It’s Offensive Not To Notify The Ordering Physician

One of our prime roles as physicians is to communicate results (or lack of results) to our colleagues and patients. By withholding critical information from the ordering physician, you disrupt the link. And, yes, canceling a procedure counts as “critical information.” If you want to make sure not to get repeat customers in your department, be sure not to pick up the phone and call!

You Can Ruin Your Reputation

Technically, you may be the best neuro angiographer in the world. But, if you cannot let your colleagues know that you decided to cancel that stent placement procedure, then, who cares about how good you are? You are not giving patients the best medical care. And, you certainly do not want to establish that reputation.

There’s More To Do After Canceling A Procedure!

Practicing quality radiology involves more than just making quality clinical decisions and performing appropriate procedures well. Just as importantly, we also need to maintain the links of communication with our clinical colleagues so that we can give the best possible care to our patients. And, if sometimes, the best decision for the patient is to cancel a test, make sure to contact your fellow physician. Don’t spoil your excellent patient care with a lack of communication!

 

Posted on by

Urgent Case And I Can’t Get In Touch With The Doctor: What Do I Do?

urgent case

Covering physicians should always be available, especially in an urgent case. However, when you begin radiology practice, you will find that 24-hour physician availability is a pipe dream. Once in a while, I encounter situations when I cannot reach a physician, let alone a nurse. Fortunately, most of the time, if I wait a day or two to contact the physician, no harm will come to the patient.

But then, now and again, we read an urgent case that can potentially represent the difference between life and death. Perhaps, you find a spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with mild chest pain. Or, maybe you see an impending aortic rupture in a patient with heartburn. Regardless, good medicine and the law dictate that we must communicate these urgent results rapidly so the patient can get appropriately treated.

So, what do you do when you cannot get in touch with a physician and have an urgent case? Do you yell down the hallway? Do you stomp your feet? Or do you send smoke signals via the hospital generator? You can do any of these fun activities if you want to. (Sure would release a lot of stress!) But, today, I will go into more effective ways of ensuring that the patient receives the appropriate care when you cannot reach the covering physician. To introduce this topic, I will give you a few real-world scenarios and instruct you on what my colleagues and I would have done.

Call The Patient Or Patient’s Caretaker Directly

These are the sorts of cases that tend to occur at the very end of the day. The last episode I remember happened when I looked at the previous outpatient case of the day at one of our imaging centers. I recall looking at the final abdominal CT scan at about 8:30 PM on a late shift and seeing oral contrast density framing several bowel loops on a CT scan. Then suddenly, the anticipation of going home shifted to dread. I knew I would be lucky if I could reach anyone to let them know this patient had a bowel perforation. And, right, I was…

As expected, I called the physician covering the patient multiple times. But to no avail. All I got back was a ringing telephone. What would you do next? Well, I did the most logical thing. , I called the patient’s house and reached the wife of the patient. I told them to get checked out at the local emergency department immediately.

Fortunately for the patient, everything turned out alright. But, if I had continued to call and wait for a physician to pick up, the patient could have died. Sometimes, you have to contact the patient directly!

Send A Certified Letter

Other times, you may make a significant finding but not quite as urgent. Maybe, you discovered cancer on a mammogram. Again, you try to reach the covering physician. But, it does not work out all too well. At this point, you still need to make sure you directly contact a covering physician or patient. Otherwise, you can be liable if the patient did not follow the appropriate treatment. But you also have another option if you can’t get in touch with the physician or patient. You can send a certified letter to the address on record.

Certified letters indicate that you have made a reasonable effort to reach the patient after the initial communication failed. At least, you can make sure you have performed your due diligence.

Call The Cops/Dial 911

In other situations, the consequences of not getting to the patient in time can be dire. Let’s say you detected a subarachnoid hemorrhage on an outpatient at 9 PM in an imaging facility, but the imaging center completed the case in the early afternoon. And, again, you cannot get through to the doctor or patient. One radical technique to overcome this issue is: Call the police and dial 911. Theoretically, if you suspect that the patient may be at risk of life or limb, the police have the authority to knock down the door and ensure that the patient receives appropriate care. Fortunately for me, I have never had to resort to this option. But I know of other radiologists who have.

Final Thoughts About Communicating An Urgent Case When The Doctor Is Not Available

Usually, when you have the will to get through to a covering physician or patient, there is a way. Sometimes, you need to take more extreme tactics into your own hands. Remember… It’s for quality patient care. So, don’t give up. Instead, make sure to follow through. Because otherwise, you risk not only the patient’s well-being but your career as well!

 

 

 

Posted on by

Texting- A Minefield For The Radiologist

texting

Formerly as a student, you could get away with texting anything you wanted on your smartphone or computer. Unless you bullied your colleagues or significantly abused the technology, the consequences remained minimal. On the other hand, an “insignificant” text from a medical professional, including a medical student, radiology trainee, or radiologist, can lead to dire results. Between the potential for HIPAA violations, unforeseen job losses, and discoverability of texts for evidence in legal cases, poorly thought out texting can severely damage your career. So today, we will delve into the dark side of an important technology that we all use, the unencrypted electronic text/message. And, you will see why radiologists need to use this particular communication tool so carefully. We will go through five different situations in more detail.

Patient Information Texting Taboos

Sending patient information over an unencrypted text message can lead to a disaster. HIPAA has its tentacles everywhere. God forbid… If a third party discovers this message containing sensitive private patient information without authorization, the federal government can severely fine and even incarcerate you! And, we are not just talking about a few hundred dollars. Millions can be on the line! (1) Not only that, but the patient can sue you for breaching their confidentiality. It is a lose-lose-lose situation!

Sending The Wrong Information To The Wrong Person

Have you ever texted a friend only to realize that two seconds after clicking send, it went to the wrong person or group? I suspect a majority of you, at one point or another, have encountered this problem. Usually, it is something benign. But occasionally, it can damage your reputation. Imagine sending a text to a friend saying, “I find Harry annoying.” And instead, it travels to the head of the department, and Harry is her fiance. These damaging texts happen all the time. But no longer may you lose just a friend. Instead, you may also lose your job or damage your reputation.

Poorly Communicated Intentions

Did you notice that most texts come off abruptly without context or emotion? We often misinterpret information that we intend to communicate by text as an offensive slight to colleagues or ourselves. A simple, seemingly insignificant text message to a technologist such as why didn’t you complete the study? can be interpreted in many different ways. Think about it. The technologist recipient may think that you blame him for never finishing his studies. Or perhaps, he can interpret this message as the radiologist believes that the technologist has a personal vendetta, which is why he thinks the technologist does not want to complete studies. On the other hand, it may just mean what it says: you need to complete the study and nothing more. Simple oral communication would have translated the initial intention more accurately with the appropriate accompanying facial expression and emotion.

Helping Out The Dark Side

Did you know that any text you send is potentially discoverable evidence for a lawsuit? You text your colleague, “I missed the pulmonary nodule on patient MR#123456”. Now that the text is in cyberspace and on your friend’s phone. The lawyers can recover that text from the cloud or your friend’s phone if the patient decides to sue you. All bets are off whether that text will incriminate you in a court of law!

Unintended Slip-Ups

And then, there is the essential unintended slip-up. Perhaps, the word correction software on your iPhone changed a word to something more sinister. Think about it. We see it happening all the time. I’ve seen the shift in expression from “see to sex” or “person to pee.” And unknowingly, you send the message out to the program director. (He may not be as forgiving as me!) In the wrong context, especially with the recent spout of sexual harassment charges, that message containing these words can be devastating!

Beware The Simple Text

In the modern era, avoiding texting our friends, colleagues, and loved ones is next to impossible. And, I am not saying that we should never text each other. However, based on these hazards, we should proceed cautiously and read over every text we create many times. An ounce of caution today can prevent a lifetime of work trying to recover from a poorly thought-out text!

(1) https://www.truevault.com/blog/what-is-the-penalty-for-a-hipaa-violation.html

 

Posted on by

How To Artfully Communicate Uncertainty

uncertainty

Many of you know the oldest radiology joke in the book: What is the national plant of radiology? The Hedge! In truth, we as radiologists have to face more uncertainty in our profession than most. Diagnoses of 100 percent certainty are rare. And, we need to communicate this information to our fellow clinicians reasonably. So, how do radiologists do this without infuriating our clinical colleagues? To investigate how, I will divide this post into multiple sections, each one with a meaningful discussion to help you decrease uncertainty for the clinician. Welcome to my world!!!

Don’t Beat Around The Bush

Say what you mean and mean what you say. Don’t hem and haw about your insecurities. Even though we cannot come up with a final diagnosis at times, it is important to say just that. Make sure not to put in too many caveats and extra words. If you see a liver lesion and it could be an atypical hemangioma or hypervascular metastases, don’t use flowery language or multiple qualifiers like the words: however, compelling, of course, and so on. Just say the differential diagnosis includes hemangioma or hypervascular metastasis.

Excommunicate Cannot Be Excluded

One of my most hated phrases in radiology is (drum roll please…) “cannot be excluded.” But, it is not just my least favorite phrase; it is also the clinicians’. Why? It has the potential to force a clinician to investigate further an unlikely diagnosis. 

If you think that a renal lesion is most likely a hemorrhagic cyst, you should say the renal lesion is most likely a hemorrhagic cyst. Suppose the possibility of a renal cell carcinoma is slight. In that case, you can say that the features are not characteristic for a renal cell carcinoma and the likelihood of the lesion to be a renal cell carcinoma is exceedingly rare. On the other hand, if you use the term renal cell carcinoma cannot be excluded; you give the clinician no sense of the actual probability of renal cell carcinoma. The phrase cannot be excluded often causes the unintended consequence of additional unnecessary workups related to your dictation.

Correlate Clinically

Another way to reduce uncertainty is to find additional clinical information on the patient. If you are not sure, look up the laboratories, the prior studies, the actual clinical history, the vital signs, or the accurate ER report to add more certainty to your report. Think of it this way. You have one report that says: chest film shows right lower lobe pulmonary parenchyma disease, possibly pneumonia, atelectasis, or pulmonary edema. On the other hand, you have another report stating the following: Given the elevated white count of 20 and the patient’s elevated temperature of 106 degrees, the right lower lobe pulmonary parenchymal air space disease is most likely pneumonia. You can see that the increased certainty of diagnosis in the second report is significantly more helpful to the clinician that ordered the study.

Specify Probabilities

If you are not sure of the diagnosis, why not just say the probability of the diagnosis? At least, this will help the physician on the other end of the report know how far to work up the patient for other possibilities. Giving a laundry list of diagnoses x versus y versus z helps no one. But, if you know the chance of x is much greater than y, which is greater than z, that opens up a whole new way for the clinician to proceed next with the patient.

Describe The Findings Well

Finally, if you are unsure of the final disposition, make sure you describe the findings well. For instance, if you see bulky adenopathy in the right hilum, make sure to say the size and shape, whether it narrows the mainstem bronchus, and if it causes post-obstructive atelectasis or pneumonia. You may not know the diagnosis. But, the clinician can now decide whether they can get to the abnormal lymph node by bronchoscopy or proceed to the next step. By describing the findings well, you ensure that the physician will work up the patient appropriately.

Communicating Uncertainty Well!

Our specialty is fraught with uncertainty. That is OK. It’s just the way it is. More importantly, good skills to communicate uncertainty can save your reputation and the reputation of the specialty. Suppose you follow my advice about directly saying what you mean. In that case, avoiding cannot be excluded; looking up clinical information while incorporating it into your report; specifying probabilities, and describing the findings well, you can at least drive the clinical physician to the appropriate next step. See. Uncertainty is not that bad!!! Just like always, it is all about good quality communication.

 

Posted on by

How Should The ABR Test Communication Skills?

ABR

How should the ABR test communication skills? Isn’t that up to the residency programs? The ACGME maintains six core competencies. Only 1 of those 6 (medical knowledge) can be tested by board exams. Others, like professionalism and interpersonal/communication skills, cannot.

Anonymous Attending

 

———————————————

 

 

Great Question!

Testing Communication Skills

I believe testing and standardizing some basic communication skills before graduation is necessary. Currently, there is significant variability in the quality of communication teachings in different residencies. We certainly don’t want to create new graduates of residency programs who don’t feel comfortable relaying information expeditiously to clinicians or dictating a case. To that end, there are many ways that the ABR could test communication skills.

First, the resident may be able to answer questions in an appropriate dictation format to demonstrate they understand the mechanics of dictation. (At least that would ensure that graduating residents understand the basics.) Grading would be a bit more challenging, but there is no reason why the ABR cannot create such a scheme for a grading system. Second, the previous oral boards, albeit imperfect, did test residents’ ability to communicate the examination, the findings, the impression/differential, and management.

So, to say that ABR can’t test communication skills does not make sense. I’m sure we could develop a new and improved oral board type of examination to test the skill of communicating radiological findings to clinicians and patients in a much-improved way. Perhaps we could create a part 2 to the core examination. If the USMLE examination can do it, why can’t the ABR test for the same things but direct it toward the needs of radiologists?

Professionalism

I agree that testing professionalism is a more challenging nut to crack. Furthermore, unlike communication, professionalism is not a skill set but a way of acting ethically within the profession. You can’t standardize minimum requirements for professionalism in a test format. As you hinted, let’s leave that to the individual programs. But you can undoubtedly standardize essential minimum competencies for communication skills. And I think that should be the responsibility of the ABR if they want to establish the minimum abilities of a graduating radiology resident.

Final Thoughts

I believe we create excuses for ourselves to say it is impossible to test communication skills. It is certainly possible, and if other professions can do it, radiology can do it, too. To say that it is impossible or too hard is just pure laziness. It would just take time, rededication of funds, and getting together some intelligent radiologists and educators to figure it out. If called upon, I would be happy to give my input!!!

Director1

Posted on by — 4 Comments

The American Board of Radiology- Shame On You

Has the American Board of Radiology (ABR) finally thrown up its hands and said it can no longer do its job? That was the take home message from my recent excursion to the AUR meeting. The explicit role of the American Board of Radiology is to standardize the quality of trained radiologists throughout the country. In fact, if you read the mission statement of the ABR website you will read verbatim- “Our mission- to certify that our diplomates demonstrate the requisite knowledge, skill, and understanding of their disciplines to the benefit of patients.” What are the most crucial skills in order to become a radiologist? Well, two of the most important pillars for creation of a competent radiologist is medical knowledge and communication. For the first time at this meeting, the ABR explicitly stated that they will abandon the role of testing radiology resident communication skills and will leave this responsibility for maintaining minimum standards to the individual programs while continuing to standardize testing of medical knowledge. What???????

If you leave the responsibility of testing and maintaining communication skills to individual programs, you are certainly not ensuring the baseline quality of our future radiologists. There are no accrediting bodies out there that can ensure the outcome of training as well as a governing/testing body such as the ABR. Without the lead of an accrediting board such as the ABR, I can see wide variability among different programs in the ability of residents to dictate and communicate results to their fellow clinicians. Some residencies will shine and produce a resident product that will competently communicate results to clinicians and others will no longer create residents with the minimum level of communications skills since there is no impetus to do so. We no longer have an oral board exam that can assess some basic communication competencies. How can the ABR accrediting body support such a position?

Government funding for medical education is at an all time low and hampers the ability of regulating bodies to do their job. Now we are leaving the responsibility of the ACGME/RRC with less teeth and funding to regulate these competencies? On the other hand, the ABR is funded by private radiology resident and radiologist dollars. Each of us spends thousands of dollars on getting and maintaining board accreditation during our lifetimes. And with all this money being spent, the ABR is saying that they cannot ensure a minimum communication competency. This is absurd.

Other licensing boards are actually moving in the opposite direction because they know it is the right thing to do for patient care. For instance, the USMLE has added on a clinical skills section to their test because creating doctors that can’t assess and communicate results to patients makes no sense. Why should testing by the ABR in the field of radiology be any different?

Please ABR… Step back and think about your position on testing communication skills. If you want to stay relevant in today’s day and age, there are other accrediting bodies out their that may take on the role of maintaining standards if you can’t do so yourself. Rethink your position statement and honestly reassess if it is in the best interest of the radiology community to forgo testing of minimum competency in communication skills. I don’t think so.